While studying global problems of humanity, visualisation allows visible research of existing dangers and the creation of images adequate to growing world tendencies. Global problems are the ones that need solving across the globe, at the state and governmental levels. We have already observed similar reimages such as the Day of Judgment, the Deluge (the Bible, the Koran) since ancient times.

Global problems have become real now, and the necessity to solve them is the largest social and scientific problem for the whole human race. It is scientists who are in charge of finding out and grounding these solutions, which should be implemented across the globe by the peoples headed by their government officials. That is why cognitive activity of scientists, public figures and the masses is focused on the study of these problems.

The reason for global problems origin is well known: a human is different from an animal in the fact that the latter adapts to nature. Man is a sentient (i.e. reflexive) being that is able to be aware of what he has done, and an active one capable of conscious transformation.

Globally, visualisation is a complex of visual images, focusing ideas, theories, views, conceptions, and feelings in which nature, material life of society and the whole system of social relations are reflected. Visualisation is being formed and developed together with the origin of social being because man always attempts to reproduce the outside world visually.

In the 21^st century, due to the increasing world population and material culture, the accomplishment of technical and energy processes started, which began to change nature of the whole planet. Some of these changes are seen now as being so large that they are of great threat to the well-being of the humanity.

Visualisation helps people to imagine visibly real existing dangers. It can be effectively used for presenting initially hidden information in the form of schemes, diagrams, computer models (e.g. ground surface temperature rise, increasing death rates, release of radiation during the nuclear power plants explosions – in Chernobyl or at the Fukushima-1 Nuclear Power Plant, etc.). While studying these global problems, scientists have discovered that simple quantitative measures for characterising the trends of these processes can be described by geometric progression and express through exponential function in terms of mathematics. They are characterised by an avalanche-type acceleration taking the form of an explosion. Physicians give an example of a nuclear reaction in such cases.

Necessity and curiosity are the main motives underlying the cognition of the outside world. The main cognitive means is visual perception that provides a man with about 90 per cent of information.

Visualisation of global problems makes the humanity available to imagine the consequences of a nuclear war, ecological crisis, population outbreak, man’s crisis in a visual form. The formation of environmental awareness allows at least potential finding a dramatic way to improve the existing order. In other words, the more we learn about the outside world and the prospects of its development, the more opportunities to manage it we get.

One of the global problems is connected with power engineering because the consumption of natural energy resources became the main factor determining the level of present-day civilization and prosperity of the mankind. It is science that is able to find the solution of the upcoming energetic crisis. Thus, it is possible to solve the energetic problem on the Earth by means of a controlled thermonuclear reaction. The source of energy for the reaction is deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen, which reserves in the ocean are almost unlimited [1]. Also scientists offer environmentally safe ways to solve energetic problems.

The Focushima-1 Nuclear Power Plant disaster showed everybody that the prolongation of operation activity term can lead to the repetition of technogenic catastrophes. Although advocates of nuclear programs use visualization tools in order to assure people of the safety of “atom for peace”. Nevertheless the four nuclear reactors of the Focushima-1 Nuclear Power Plant were greatly damaged. Japanese specialists have been equating the level of disaster to 4 four INES incidents [2]. Many foreign specialists did not agree with it considering a more dangerous level. It is appropriate to remind that the Chernobyl disaster got the fifth level.

The Focushima-1 Nuclear Power Plant disaster has dramatically shown the danger of operation activity term prolongation of nuclear power plants. The term which engineers-constructors set for operation of six Focushima reactors ended in 2001 – 2009. All over the world the number of overage nuclear reactors which have worked out its operation activity term is almost two hundred. In 5 years more than 300 nuclear reactors will overstep “pensionary age”.

Reactors’ closing is one of the main technological and economic problems of world nuclear power engineering. No reactor which worked out its 30-year term was shut down on time.

Shutting and preservation of Chernobyl and Focushima-1 nuclear reactors contain whole series of engineering and technical works with highly-radioactive materials. The sum which taxpayers pay for this is rather big. Nowadays the cost of construction of 1 gigawatt nuclear reactor equals to 3 billion US dollars and foreseeable expenses for its operation activity will be 1.5 billion US dollars.

Nowadays 441 nuclear reactors and 194 nuclear power plants function in the world. The majority of them are located only in 30 countries: 58 reactors in France, 19 – in the UK, 17 – in Germany, 10 – in Sweden, 104 – in the USA, 18 – in Canada, 17 nuclear power plants and 54 reactors in Japan, 5 nuclear power plants and 21 reactors in the South Korea, 5 nuclear power plants and 20 reactors in India, 4 nuclear power plants and 13 reactors in China. The southern hemisphere is almost free from nuclear energy: one – in Argentina and one – in Brazil. Only one nuclear power plant is located in Africa, in the Republic of South Africa. There are no nuclear plants in Australia. The leading role in this field among former soviet countries belongs to Russia (10 nuclear power plants and 32 reactors); there are 4 nuclear power plants and 15 reactors in Ukraine, one nuclear power plants and one reactor in Armenia [3].

After the Focushima-1 Nuclear Power Plant disaster Japan faced difficult tasks in processing, storage and dumping of immense volume of highly-radioactive wastes. The secret of the world nuclear power engineering discloses its helplessness in context of the necessity of well-time decommissioning nuclear power plants and the importance of determining remaining life-time expectancy of reactors for further safe use. Nuclear industry does not have definite long-term strategy what to do with nuclear wastes.

Thus, at the beginning of the 21^st century the humanity witnesses the baseline case of the nuclear disaster in Japan. The scale of the catastrophe and its consequences of natural and technogenic character have been shown in numerous photo and video reports. Philosophic and scientific cognition will direct ideas and thoughts of politicians, scientists, engineers and people of the world towards joint solution of global problems by means of visualization.

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References

1. Kapitsa P.L. Global scientific problems of the foreseeable future // Issues of philosophy, 1973. № 2. P. 37-42.

2. INES International scale of nuclear and radiological events. Vienna: IAEA, 2008. P. 250.

3. http://www.argumenti.ru/presscenter/id/56