Abstract

The life purpose is to pursue happiness, happiness is that the real activity, Aristotelian practice philosophy according with moral conduct have revealed this principle right away but. He said, practice philosophy is "understand the science that (reveal) individual object (do everything) ought to do and why". That is, Aristotelian practice philosophy is the announce for people to work according to science, concrete to say, Aristotelian practice philosophy use deduction to have made an explanation of basis problem for people to work successfully. Since people's behavior begins with choice, choice is to gain by deducing an activity, the beginning that this deduces is purpose and supreme good (happy), the middle term is reason and ethics moral conduct. Therefore, people's choice is to compose out judging by knowledge and law. Person needs to gain happiness in other words, work must oppose human nature according to knowledge composing in reply a law, this it is human nature, otherwise to be on the contrary, this is also to carry out the life principle revealed by philosophy.

【Keywords】   Happy  behavior  purpose  knowledge   law

Introduction

"The human nature ultimate goal is happy." 2000 years ago, ancient Greece philosophers Aristotle had had detailed discussion about this kind of thought. And it is from his philosophy practice part. Aristotelianism calls the purpose of practice good, the human nature ultimate goal is called supreme good, is just happy.

Philosophy is divided into two parts according to Aristotelian original idea: one is to analyze mentally, the other one is practice. Aristotle discussed in second rolls "metaphysics": "Calling philosophy the truth knowledge is correct. Thought arguing knowledge takes truth as purpose, practice knowledge takes acting as purpose". ([1] Aristotle: "Metaphysics" 993 b21- 22, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", Chinese People learns press printing plate in 1993 enthusiastically) but, making people regretful is that future generations philosophers do not go to discuss philosophy according to this train of thought. But be to be three one mark with philosophy: Be natural philosophy, spirit philosophy and so-called logic. Result? Philosophy has got lost here from, and besides the endless free theory in Aristotelian.

Mark, philosophy analyses two parts，mentally and carries out. Analyze philosophy mentally being allotted two parts, the part is a physics (second philosophy), is that the public who discusses driving force because of Asia says the person is natural philosophy. Another part is to discuss the form philosophy because of the first, is (a concept and definition discussing knowledge, the concept is used the cause there existing in object here, definition is used object to be what comes to replace), this part philosophy is called theology by Aristotle, this is called but the theology book riddle of being eternal analyze one sheet" (“reality" after Aristotelian, any philosopher had not all thought of in the past).

Speculative philosophy is to take truth as purpose. What Aristotle said takes truth as purpose, is to take primitive as purpose in fact, because hunting primitive is to seek after truth. Problem being to be truth about primitive, Aristotle explains doctrine in "metaphysics": "We know truth is to be unable to be separated from causes, a thing can push down it's oneself but gives to other the object similarity, it is that oneself is maximal in various thing so, getting angry for instance is the hottest, because it is other from east to west hot cause. Make object in the afterwards become true cause being one-level maximal real. That eternal object primitive moves towards necessity like this most probably, is the truest primitive forever. Because of their not momentary reality, not having object is the cause there existing in them, they are cause of there existing in thing other, thereby every object is as far as existence be concerned, be to move towards truth" ([2] Aristotle: "Metaphysics" 993 b25-32, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). Speculative philosophy this lying of part primitive, namely two parts cause, one is a form reason, another is to be a dynamic reason. The dynamic reason is to discuss the cause that how object there exists in. The form that the form separates with object because being research, spoken parts in an opera be to discuss the object knowledge's. That the part is a concept because the object knowledge is composed of two parts, is that the form reason, another part are definition from the concept that name evolution does, what it announces to object's being, be that the species adds bad definition of category.

Knowing the object and acquiring knowledge is for the practice of service, this is most the scientific place of philosophy. How to use the knowledge to conduct practice serves? This is to carry out the philosophy starting point, be also a basis. Aristotle finds that by observation, reason why of human being comes true more different than that other, animal, being having lain in person life having purpose, but this life having purpose is to pass a reasoning. The action ability that the reasoning gets satisfies people's purpose, is impossible otherwise. Concrete reasoning to the reasoning, according to what, such begin, these Aristotle make an explanation respectively in having been in progress "Nicomachean Ethics” and "metaphysics". He says in "Nicomachean Ethics": The "for example burns about beginning or primitive, have been enough as long as pointing out that initial thing. Begin being varied, some are studied from summing up aspect, some secondary feeling aspect is studied, the aspect quilt studies some secondary prevailing custom, still have other different direction, different to study " ([3] Aristotle: "Nicomachean Ethics" 1098 b2 6, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). Sub public will have told our discussion route this paragraph of words, be that the angle from moral conduct explains the flexible secret of practice. However I inform reader of one, Aristotle has discussed this problem in the first rolls "metaphysics". He said "Seek knowledge being proprietor's nature ". ([4] Aristotle: "Metaphysics" 980 a22, seedling force fields edit: "Aristotle complete works ", Renmin University of China press printing plate in 1993) and then tells people, "only human being is based on the technology and reasoning life just now" ([5] Aristotle: "Metaphysics" 980 b26 27, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). But this reasoning is related to two problems necessarily, one is reason, another is ethics moral conduct, this is that Aristotle practice philosophy needs the problem discussing that.

One、choose is that the behavior beginning burn

Practice philosophy starts from the discuss for purpose. This is the principle that had been realized by any philosophers in history. Aristotle divides philosophy into two parts, one parts discussing knowledge, this conclusion can be reached from his first philosophy. We can search the answer in the practice philosophy - "ethics”. In "ethics" the practice problem has started investigation and discussion, Aristotle regards as being able to depend on behavior achieve practitioner's purpose, ultimate or not, but behavior is result of the thought, if the behavior without thought is just like an animals’ activity. Therefore, discussing the practice activity is to discuss a people's activities of thought beyond doubt.

 (One) behavior begins with choice. People's practice starts from the thought, behavior is the outcome from thought. Aristotle says in "Nicomachean Ethics": ([6] Aristotle "behavior is started with choice (of being of beginning of moving a reason, but not what be)": "Nicomachean Ethics" 1139 a32, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works ", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993).

Control but show the activity outside about that behavior, behavior should be to accept thought. Aristotle makes an explanation saying: Only having person "in the animal is that some grow the behavior primitive; Because of we don't say that the animal has behavior other" ([7] Aristotle: "Excellent platform plan ethics" 1222 b19 20, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993).

Should be to choose the meaning of about choosing, choosing; Aristotle explains Aristotle saying choice is "to lie in his thing first but choosing to take" ([8]: "Nicomachean Ethics" 1112 a17, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993).

Behavior said by all above begins with choice, people's behavior starts from choice, chooses are the starting point of person’s behavior. Or that is the practice activity starts from a thinking, and then makes choice out, choice acts or not acting, what method be chosen to act. Therefore, choosing is the beginning of behavior.

 (Two) choose is composed out from the practitioner by himself. Aristotle is being hit by doctrine "metaphysics": "That the primitive of the practice - alternative is in the practitioner, because the alternative object and the result are the same ([9] " Aristotle: "Metaphysics" 1025 b24 -26, Miao litian edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). If we want to know the meaning of this paragraph of words, we should look at two words first - practice and primitive.

About practice - according to the modern lexicographic explanation, practice is people to transform the objective world. The philosophy according to modern significance comes to understand that, practice is opposite to theory vocabulary, is in upper broad wide doctrine, carry out perceptual activity in all its forms being to refer to person. But that practice is that one kind behavior having purpose activity or the course thinking queen, it points to but external perceptual activity not only however, according to Aristotelian understanding, is including flexible behavior of thought. From speaking on some species significance, it puts particular emphasis on Yu thought more, because people's behavior is teleonomy's. The practice activity is what be put into effect behavior per se after the practitioner realizes a lot of what be composed thinkings to purpose. Therefore, practice is to be controlled but to be shown in external behavior by thought.

As far as primitive, Aristotle makes an explanation in "metaphysics". He said: Of "primitive meaning or beginning of being to move a reason in object ... The cause meaning is as many as primitive, because all cause is primitive ([10] Aristotle: "Metaphysics" 1013 a16 17, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). This paragraph of words explains that primitive significance, is first, primitive of being to begin, will be cause secondly, primitive.

With the interpretation of practice and principles was clear to us, so we know what Aristotle said clearly, the action began in the human choice；choice depends on the practitioner himself that is only when people make the right choice when choice behavior and practice can achieve the purpose of the conflict.

 (Three) choosing the idea originating from a thinking. Choice is composed out by a practitioner himself, this we all can understand, compose and not compose, what method using to go to act as, this all depends on a practitioner himself. What is the practitioner’s choice originated from then? That Aristotle says in "Nicomachean Ethics" "But, that the desire and the reason is that the alternative beginning burns then about this problem, therefore the quality choice both and can't be separated from reason and the thinking, also can't be separated from ethics sum quality. Because of regardless of good behavior still breaks down behavior, be Aristotle thinking the outcome being tied in wedlock each other deeply and being accustomed to" ([11] Aristotle: "Nicomachean Ethics" 1139 a33 -35, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). This paragraph of words is not very limpid but, not showing what is the choosing made out, is to tell us to choose a relevance and think deeply only presumably since what composes out. Do not go over Aristotle having told us, he said in "excellent platform plan ethics ": "Because of choice though be select choose, only be not simple selecting choose, but be before another thing select fetch somewhat; If nothing consider with the thinking, it's out of the question. ([12] Aristotle therefore, choosing the idea coming from a thinking": "Excellent platform plan ethics" 1226 b7 9, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works ", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). This our clear practitioner choice is to originate from the idea have thought deeply that. We each all must carry out the thinking, so-called think before acting in practice before work, be to give people carries out a thinking's before action reasons, go and composing still not composing course thinking deeply that the queen chooses, what method to use to go and compose or, to achieve practitioner's purpose.

Two、 the flexible deductive reasoning of practice

By Aristotelian synthetical choice and the behavior relation, we know, that "practice knowledge takes action as purpose" and behavior starts with choice, choice source originates from the idea thinking deeply that. Problem thinking is the core of practice to use personal influence deeply then, what is thinking? What does the thinking begins from? How to think deeply that is that Aristotelian philosophy key part of practice?

 (One) thinking is the soul meditating. People's action begins from choice, just saying person‘s making choice is to think that through deeply, but Aristotle does not make an explanation directly to the word thinking one deeply. However, Aristotle has discussed that right away already in his book, he thinks, thinking about the thinking being the practitioner’s behavior to himself deeply as for practice, be that meditating some kind of cause's, this cause is to be what the purpose reason or "what is" right away. Aristotle says in "excellent platform plan ethics": "If not having one personal choice is to there be no preparation, do not think deeply that whose behavior is good be still bad. Being that people thinks deeply is depend on our self's object, so apparent if in both energy existence and the thing being able to do not exist, to purpose is choice depending oneself on, desire have thought deeply that. But the thing that we choose because of our all thinkings, is really not to choose all things have thought deeply that. I say the desire is to have thought deeply that I am to refer to the desire think primitive and cause being a desire deeply, and rectify since the thinking, talented person have. Therefore, choose more nonexistent than the animal is other middle even if being person. It both also does not choose under any age, any condition. Judgment because of not thinking deeply that, not `and so on to having also right away because of'; Though this does not hinder many people may idea but fault having idea doing or not doing some things, but their because of reason. Because of that the soul thinking is indeed is kind of cause meditate some, `be what what is to be one kind of cause but'; Though referring to since especially, what, but we existence or generate somewhat be what what is ([13] Aristotle say Cheng being cause because of cause": "Excellent platform plan ethics" 1226 b14 29, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). This has explained that people's choice originates from the idea have thought deeply that right away, this idea has been that people's soul meditates to "what is what ", has changed words being practitioner meditating to purpose reason.

 (Two) purpose is that the beginning meditating burns. According to that the Aristotelian train of thought, people need to carry out a thinking first before action, this thinking is soul meditating to purpose reason, it is practitioner to bear fruit in the thinking to the marriage partner who chooses, in order to obtain the alternative marriage partner and behavior same if facilitating point speaking. Do not go over the starting point that we think deeply to saying the practitioner purpose coming the practitioner being really. "Ethics is middle about this Aristotle in excellent platform plan" compose make an explanation, he says: "Purpose is the thought starting point, the thought destination is ([14] Aristotle but be the behavior starting point": "Excellent platform plan ethics" 1227 b33 34, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993).

(Three) meditating is one kind of deduction. How to carry out a thinking, be just what way to use to think deeply, this is the core of the core that we discuss the action of carrying out, we have already understood Aristotelian purpose, that he already informs us of a thinking has been soul meditating to purpose reason, the starting point of meditating is purpose, after concrete thinking route Aristotelian certificate and his observation to people's behavior passes, have reached such a conclusion: That the front thinking of people's practice is the reasoning with the certificate is consistent, is also that one deduces process. Therefore, Aristotle says in his "Nicomachean Ethics": Flexible deduction of "practice can't have primitive and burns. This is that some grow purpose and supreme good" ([15] Aristotle: "Nicomachean Ethics" 1144 a31 32, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). This words complies with no relation superficial and thinking deeply that, ding-dang but we think about carefully, our flexible practice primo is that a thought process, this thought process is the practitioner deductive reasoning, speculating so is to speculate to such an extent that good and purpose are to burn.

Deduction is that modern Aristotelian logic is hit by one of three kinds reasons, one is a deductive reasoning, the other inductive inference and another reasoning from analogy. Aristotle has not straightened white explanation however to the deductive reasoning in his book, he discusses that in testifying science once right away have been in progress "analyze a sheet in the front" also once in the explanation have been in progress to logic speculate "rhetoric", the philosophy job, namely the reasoning proving that and dialectical reasoning had carried out contrast right away in "proposition sheet". Judging from my go into, that the Aristotelian certificate science, logic speculate possibly are queen deduction being popularly called that all is to refer to the same problem; Not too sub public deduction ought to be to point to the reasoning testifying science or proving that, but this reasoning definitely accords with two the following condition: First, this syllogism reasoning must be the first lattices syllogism; The beginning speculating secondly, so must be that the true sum plain is original. Retro has analyzed a sheet "and "Topics" has carried out explanation middle about that these two conditions Aristotle parts for. He says in making an explanation "the queen analyses a sheet": "In all lattices, most, the science lattice is the first lattices, the number manages science not only, it pushes forward their certificate, and speaking generally, if arithmetic, geometry and optics pass, the science that all investigation and discussion are based on testifies" ([16] Aristotle in fact all by the fact that this one lattice pushes forward self: The "queen analyses 79 a19 23, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). He makes an explanation in "proposition sheet" saying: "Speculating is one kind of demonstration, some are set up among them for the premise, the other judgment happens then surely by them. Ding-dang the premise pushing a reason to start off is the beginning of true sum plain, this reasoning is to prove that while or we are to come from the true sum premise in the beginning of some plains to their initial knowledge". "The so-called true sum plain is original, is to refer to those no reason other but oneself has reliability right away" ([17] Aristotle: "Topics" 100 a26 35, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). Exactly be to meet above-mentioned requirements because of syllogism reasoning, therefore, such the syllogism reasoning is really testifying science or the logic speculate or the deductive activity is called. Deduction is one kind of thinking activities, but it must accord with objective fact. Aristotle had spoken in "analyzing a sheet in the front", he has said: "Not having science knowledge or not testifying a syllogism is about uncertain object, because of the middle term does not establish. They are to relate to ([18] Aristotle of natural object": Analyze 32 b20 in the "front 21, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). Finding that of Aristotle only genius carries out the flexible thinking from this according with certificate reasoning also completely, we say that is that a kind of deduces an activity or.

And have told point to begin since the practice activity is also deduction, we come to look for a middle term so right away according to deduction, are the cause carrying out flexible cause, because of the middle term is a major term in Aristotelian deductive reasoning. This makes an explanation in have been hit by go along "analyze a sheet in the front", he speaks in major premise, in the dominant term middle term being contained in naming the item terminal word; In the minor premise, the dominant term terminal word contains Yu naming item middle term lining; Within the conclusion debuting, dominant term terminal word (major term, small item) necessity contains in naming the item (minor term, in major term) terminal word. Terminal word in major premise is that the beginning speculating burns in the deductive reasoning, terminal word in minor premise is a destination. Central Asia is public in the deductive reasoning emphasize that the middle term is cause fairly specially, cause being a major term, being a middle term is minor premise terminal word cause.

For making deduction clear, we return back such that discussing that from syllogism beginning. The syllogism reasoning is a prerequisite for referring to from two known numbers debuting a inevitable conclusion reasoning, formula as follows:

1. Letter formula: P-M-M-S, S-P. That P composes in reply here S is a terminal word, P is a minor term burn), that S is major term (destination), M is a middle term (cause). Each word expenditures in syllogism comes to indicate that in modern Aristotelian logic, the middle item is a middle term, meaning word, minor term appearing in two premises is a major term, means the word appearing in major premise; The major term is small item, means the terminal word appearing in the minor premise.

2. Characters formula:

 Middle term terminal word (the minor term, the beginning burn)

Terminal word (major term, destination) – middle term

Terminal word (major term, destination) – terminal word (the minor term, the beginning burn)

This form syllogism is called the first lattices syllogism, is also a perfect syllogism by Aristotle. Have this lattice only in his three lattices expounding and proving in "in the syllogism in analysis", be that the first lattices syllogism is science's, because of two lattices all can not debut the inevitable conclusion other only when the first lattices syllogism can debut the inevitable conclusion. When explaining the first lattice syllogisms, he speaks in major premise, in the dominant term middle term being contained in naming the item terminal word; In the minor premise, the dominant term terminal word contains Yu naming item middle term lining; Within the conclusion debuting, dominant term terminal word (major term, small item) necessity contains in naming the item (minor term, in major term) terminal word. Terminal word in major premise is that the beginning speculating burns in the deductive reasoning, terminal word in minor premise is a destination. Aristotle is cause in the deductive reasoning emphasize a middle term fairly specially, cause being a major term, being a middle term is minor premise terminal word cause.

We exercise the deduction thinking deeply that having introduced that we come to analyze practice again after syllogism reasoning. Point exercise the deduction being one kinds of syllogism not only, and return to out according to Aristotelian making an explanation, practice two beginning, that one begins is purpose, that another begins is supreme good. For making flexible deduction of practice clear, we must begin to this two making to know about going a step further.

First, we look at purpose, purpose is kind within Aristotelian book, be good at using our modern Chinese understanding that being good meaning, the purpose that people runs after in reality, is kind no all?

That secondary, we discuss supreme good, supreme good is maximal, final good as for being styled surface, is just final purpose. About the ultimate goal, Aristotle is being hit by doctrine "Nicomachean Ethics": "Since purpose is varied, be having some among them we be for other purpose but choose it. ... ... Very evidently not all purpose all is final, some grow the final thing only when maximal good is really. ... ... Seem being happiness, only when this is from east to west just now qualified, ... Secondary self-sufficient come to watch also being able to reach the same conclusion, self-sufficient as if being final good. ... ... Our view now is self-sufficient it is nothing to wait for but have; it makes life deficient becoming happy not to feel. This is just happiness said by us. ... ... Happiness is final and self-sufficient, it is the behavior purpose. ... ... Call happiness maximal good however, look to be to grow a tautology". ([19] Aristotle: "Nicomachean Ethics" 1097 a26 1097 b23, the seedling force field edits: Accommodating oneself to that he says in "excellent platform plan ethics" turns "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993) white on and on, he says: "We had also spoken, supreme good has been ([20] happy" Aristotle: "Give platform plan ethics preferential treatment" 1019 a34, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", 356 pages of press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). As for the above discussion, Aristotle calls purpose good, that the ultimate goal is supreme good is just happy. Such carries out flexible two beginnings most probably burning, one is purpose, another is happy.

Carrying out an activity is two deduction, burns because of the practice activity has two beginning. These two deductions are not both however, ought to be a direction, is impractical otherwise as for thought, because of person thinks two problems deeply impossibly at the same time. From that the syllogism beginning comes, happiness is that this two syllogisms beginning burns, does the beginning being also the first syllogisms burn, because of what people's ultimate goal putting into practice, eye being also person, are? Be happy. Aristotle says in "Nicomachean Ethics": "After have talked various moral conduct and friendship and happy, we think that only having it is really be turn having talked about happiness now people's purpose" ([21] Aristotle: "Nicomachean Ethics" 1176 a31, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). Therefore, happiness is that syllogism reasoning beginning burns; Another syllogism beginning ought to be purpose, just says, second syllogisms beginning is purpose, purpose is that people carries out flexible purpose, certainly, happiness is people's practice ultimate goal, takes a look on that from this, purpose is deductive the first destinations, is also that deductive second beginnings burn; Burn because of purpose is second to deduce a beginning, behavior is deductive second destinations then. Behavior is that it is also the deductive reasoning destination at the same time carry out flexible starting point. Aristotle says in "excellent platform plan ethics": "Purpose is the thought starting point, the thought destination is ([22] Aristotle but be the behavior starting point": "Excellent platform plan ethics" 1227 b33 34, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993).

To the deduction activity, putting into practice, we do not know these deductive two causes although having had a beginning to compose in reply destination, but our (middle term). Come to look for a middle term now us we look at such two section of words, one passage is that sub public speaks in "excellent platform plan ethics", he says (cause): "If in all correct behavior, reason or moral conduct is cause, and purpose (but the correctness being not the means achieving purpose) is because of moral conduct if reason is not cause," "Come to say although the thing encountering these for purpose but must compose belongs to the other ability, the correctness to the purpose choosing moral conduct is cause" ([23] Aristotle: "Excellent platform plan ethics" 1228 as, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). Another one passage is that sub public speaks in "big ethics", he says: "Much better behavior, only wants in the light of correct reason if having" ([24] Aristotle: "Big ethics" 1196 b7, seedling force fields edit: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). These two paragraphs of words have made an explanation moral conduct relation and behavior with purpose respectively with the reason relation. The correctness being purpose is because of moral conduct; Good behavior only wants in the light of correct reason. Just saying moral conduct is the purpose cause; Reason is the behavior cause. Debut since being that we are like this not bad, moral conduct is the purpose cause, purpose is a destination; Reason is the behavior cause, behavior is a destination. Therefore, flexible deduction of practice will be: Point, one are supreme good, one is purpose; We know having two cause, a moral conduct (ethics moral conduct), one is reason; The destination, one are purpose, one is behavior. Flexible deduction of practice uses formula to express being going to be:

1.    Moral conduct – supreme good (happy)

Purpose – moral

 Conduct – purpose

    Supreme – good

2.    Reason – purpose

    Behavior– reason

 Behavior– purpose

We look at practice flexible two deduction form needed by the formula according with deduction completely, such a reasoning accords with the deductive reasoning therefore. This conclusion also accords with sub public exposition and argumentation, he says "behavior in "Nicomachean Ethics" to choose the beginning (be of beginning of moving a reason, but not what is that burns), but the desire draws there being is what reason then be alternative with therefore quality alternative both and be too busy to get away reason and thinking, also be too busy to get away ethics and quality. Because behavior still breaks down behavior disregarding regards, be ([25] Aristotle thinking the outcome combining with the appearance being accustomed deeply": "Nicomachean Ethics" 1139 a35, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). That this paragraph of words informs us of this deductive two destinations is behavior, the point choosing the beginning being behavior, alternative the reason (think deeply that) according to being person (be based on) and ethics (quality) this liang of species thing but.

Three, the process exercising deductions of practice

About carrying out the process exercising deduction's, Aristotle is being hit by the explanation having also been in progress "Nicomachean Ethics", he is finishing speaking "behavior with the point choosing, of starting beginning of (being to move a reason but being not begun in order that burns), but that the desire sum has been rationality is alternative, therefore quality alternative both and be too busy to get away reason and thinking, also be too busy to get away ethics and quality. Because behavior still breaks down behavior disregarding regards, proceed to say after being outcome of integration of thinking with habit": "Fine behavior is purpose, it is what asked by desire. But possibly, reason why, choice are to reason having desire, or are to desire having thinking, person ([26] Aristotle of being that this begins: "Nicomachean Ethics" 1139 a32 1139 b6, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993).

But this paragraph of words analyses Aristotle at the back from grammar angle", choose or is to reason having desire, or be to desire having thinking, person of being that this begins". This paragraph of words main clause is "person of being that this begins"; Preceding "choice possibly is to reason having desire, or is that desire having thinking" is both subordinate clauses. Being people's choice one if making an explanation, is to begin to choose behavior from reason having desire, another is to begin to choose behavior from desire having thinking.

Still concrete one point makes an explanation being that the practitioner chooses behavior from two carry out order, one is the practice facing object in the front, the practitioner choice is the desire reason; A queen practice ascertaining purpose (carry out an activity), the practitioner choice is to desire having thinking.

 (One) faces object (carry out an activity) deduction. Have introduced the practice direction facing object, have thought a marriage partner deeply first mainly in "big ethics", proceed to consider the problem according with moral conduct, make choice out and then again.

Facing object (carry out an activity) deduction is a right about practice activity, how to solve during the period of we come across problem, the first steps are that reason chooses behavior, second steps are the verification to purpose, are just that whether our behavior accords with moral conduct or not. While we face a object, object is the reason why coming to move person the thought marriage partner, Aristotle says when talking about the reason activity in "metaphysics": "Reason is moved by the thought marriage partner, only when by series composed by existence oneself, be really thought marriage partner " ([27] Aristotle: "Metaphysics" 1072 a31 34, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). The reason motion is that the marriage partner by thought moves, how reason moves? Sub public says its reason cognition and thinks of formation about reason, while the thought marriage partner moves reason the primo being cognition, it is already some knowledge making use of the behavior people to do magnanimity thought object look at our cognition or not, ability thinks the idea thinking of take a look at deeply out here on the basis, this is to choose. Make choice and do not make, use the problem what method does. But have to watch before making choice whether according with ethics moral conduct or not, because of if our behavior purpose accord with ultimate goal is happy. The for example, one people face a tiger, knowing that or not is key, should not know that you run neither, the tiger has meal in you neither, you are lucky; That you have also been known is that tiger, you choose beat it to death, wait for the valuable thing, No problem on the ancient times for brave bone, the modern country has "Law on the Protection of Wildlife", from your purpose being an inconformity's on ethics moral conduct. When all above our act example just can show pawning people comes across problem, reason is that the thought marriage partner is moving reason to the behavior choice cognition, goes to choose then, accomplish the thing thinking of take a look at. Reason certainly has chosen behavior, has wanted the behavior looking at us to achieve purpose whether according with moral conduct or not too and then, has accorded with the moral conduct purpose our ability acts.

The reason cognition is to face the thinking that the thought marriage partner carries out accomplishing confirmation ultimately, it is middle already some knowledge making use of a cerebrum to be in progress to the thought marriage partner accomplishing confirmation according to, then, decides the realization desiring a thing, is just to make choice out in fact after accomplishing this process. The activity, Aristotle relating to reason say during the period of being hit by the activity talking about reason "metaphysics": "Reason is moved by the thought marriage partner, only when oneself, is really by series composed by existence thought marriage partner ". "Reason passes the marriage partner who shares thought but thought oneself" ([28] "Aristotle: "Metaphysics" 1072 b22, seedling force fields edit: Press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993) this liang of Duan words moves towards "Aristotle complete works", the import having explained the reason why making an explanation have understood a noun, think that people faces the thought marriage partner beginning reason's thinking deeply that (we use modern word to be a cognition in order to obtain cognition, you know him? We answer a cognition or do not know that) in connection with his knowledge if in our brain, carry out choice on self behavior after cognition. That this process goes to handle to coming across problem is very definite.

 (Two) ascertains purpose (carry out an activity) deduction. That carrying out an activity like this is to point to a primo ascertain behavior go and being put into effect, is to action having purpose, the practitioner choice is the reason desire. Having introduced choice in "excellent platform plan ethics" is to desire having reason. This is to consider purpose first, thinks and then to choose behavior. Marriage partner being a desire in this practitioner of beginning moves the desire, purpose

That ascertaining purpose (carry out an activity) deduction is that the positive direction practice is flexible, such practice is flexible is that the finger has ascertained purpose go and putting behavior into practice. This two deduction is: That the first step burns is supreme good (happiness), the middle term (cause) is moral conduct, the destination is purpose, this is the single-step choosing purpose's; That second steps burn is purpose, the middle term (cause) is that reason, the destination are behavior, this single-step is the single-step choosing action's. That for instance, once personal ultimate purpose is happiness, happiness is that the beginning choosing purpose's burns, choosing the purpose basis is moral conduct or law, purpose is that the law is disabled or public morality blames, this purpose that you choose cannot reach final purpose supreme good right away (happiness) suppose we are alternative. Our reason has carried out choice on behavior after having chosen purpose, what method what method or means you will adopt more easily to earn money to you if having chosen purpose is to earn money.

About that this has carried out the go along exercising Aristotle in him making an explanation, he says: "Purpose is the thought starting point, but the thought destination is the behavior starting point" ([29] Aristotle: "Excellent platform plan ethics" 1227 b34, the seedling force field edits: "Aristotle complete works", press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993). This purpose is that people begins to carry out the flexible beginning burning in other words, the beginning certainly being the thinking that people starts burns. People are carried out being also a thinking the action not thinking deeply that is blind before. Make an explanation about that this has carried out the go along exercising Aristotle in him; he is to expound this principle's when discussing good fortune. People's make of to one lucky word is to achieve effect or purpose by chance, should good fortune will have depended on the knowledge that you own immediately forever, nevertheless, person is forever lucky to be able to neither, this burns only when the god achieves just now. Sub public said the reason primitive is not reason, but knowledge. Getting success by chance have reached purpose is lucky, everything has been the reason effect but successfully in people's practice process.

Conclusion

"The human nature ultimate goal is happy", purpose essential points must realize action as getting happiness. Aristotle says in "Nicomachean Ethics": "Happiness it is the reality according with moral conduct to use personal influence". ([30] Aristotle: "Nicomachean Ethics" 1139 a32 1098 b30, the seedling force field edits: Press of Renmin University of China printing plate in 1993) needs to realize the behavior purpose "Aristotle complete works", Aristotle thinks right away be obliged to according to being put into effect coming the thought deduction, the point choosing the beginning being behavior, chooses basis Yu moral conduct (ethics moral conduct) and reason but, just says the purpose that we ask to reach self, must accord with two condition, one is knowledge, another also needs to accord with society ethics. But relative society ethics, maximal Aristotle think of society ethics moral conduct be impartial, fair one comes from the natural world, another coming from law. That another judges by of course besides we get rid of knowledge in other words to the behavior choice has been a law. Therefore, the human nature purpose realization is that we must act according to knowledge and law realize happiness. This is content discussed by the Aristotelianism practice part.